Executive Summary
The year 2026 marks a turning point at which agentic AI enters full-scale industrial
deployment, shifting AI from a passive tool toward "digital labor." AI transformation
(AX) has accordingly moved beyond technology adoption into the redesign of how work
is performed and how organizations are structured. In Korea, however,
enterprise-wide adoption and internalization remain at an early stage despite strong
corporate interest and commitment.
This report diagnoses the root cause of this gap—the key bottleneck of AX in the
agentic AI era—as talent. As AI takes charge of more execution, the human role does
not shrink but expands, toward designing and orchestrating AI agents by granting
authority and policies, and toward reviewing, judging, and taking responsibility for the
performance and risks of their outputs. The scale of agentic deployment is itself
constrained by the oversight capacity people can supply, and governance has been
identified as a ceiling on diffusion. In this context, AX talent, emerging as a core
resource, can be understood as people who, grounded in domain expertise, embed and
orchestrate AI (particularly AI agents) into work and organizations, and review, judge,
and control its outputs to convert them into organizational performance.
Such AX talent is the core resource of the agentic AI era. AI use is being reorganized
around augmentation, in which AI works with people, rather than automation that
replaces them. And as the "AI productivity disconnect"—in which time saved by AI
fails to translate into output—illustrates, the performance of identical technologies
hinges on people's "transformation capability" to redesign work and organizations. The
supply of AX-related talent, however, appears to be structurally out of balance with
demand. Skill mismatches and difficulties in verifying competencies, together with the
concentration of talent and demand in large firms and the capital region, are deepening
structural gaps for SMEs and non-capital regions.
The report accordingly proposes, as directions for policy, expanding and qualitatively
upgrading the AX talent pipeline; converting incumbent workers into AX talent and
repairing the channels through which information on public programs reaches them;
establishing market-recognized competency standards and verification systems;
closing the gaps facing SMEs and non-capital regions; and building the statistical and
data foundations needed to monitor and forecast AX talent supply and demand.